dinoflagellates- single-celled protists (algae) that have two flagella; phytoplankton.

- 90% of all dinoflagellates are marine plankton.

- although many of them are microscopic, the largest, Noctiluca, may be as large as 2 mm in diameter!

- dinoflagellates swim by two flagella, movable protein strands which move the cell through the water. the longitudinal flagellum extends out from the back of the cell, when it whips back and forth it moves the cell forward. it’s motion provides maneuvering and forward movement. as a result of the action of the two flagella the cell spirals as it moves.

- the cell is surrounding by a series of membranes called the amphiesma.
- dinoflagellates contain a lot of DNA, which explains the large size of the nucleus. The metabolic requirements of supporting the large amount of DNA may explain the low growth rates of dinoflagellates compared to other unicellular protists.

- many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, manufacturing their own food using the energy from sunlight, and providing a food source for other organisms. the photosynthetic dinoflagellates are important primary producers in coastal waters.

bioluminescence is the ability of an organism to produce light.

red tide is an algal bloom of dinoflagellates that may poison other organisms.

- Noctilua a type of dinoflagellate, can make the ocean water sparkle at night by bioluminescence.

- the Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax also a type of dinoflagellate, are responsible for a red tide.

the foods we eat do not give us the nutrition that we need

Blue-green algae, known to scientists as Aphanizomenon flosaquae (AFA

producers are called autotrophs)self feeders)

food made by other organisms are called hetertrophs (other feeders)

with photosynthesis sugar is made

when oxygen is released from the algae the molecules are dissolved in the water

almost every breath u rake in is from marine algae

chlorolast is the green pigment in chlorophyll

without photosynthesis life would not exist

since animals cant make their own food they need the compounds from plants 

the ocean is where the most photosynthesis occurs

land only takes part in 29% of the photosynthesis

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Bacteria-was based on a german scientist that meant two rods there are three types spiral, rod, and round shaped. they are single but also can be multicellular. And are very small in the way of seeing it with your naked eye, it requires the use of a microscope. Characteristics are Bacteria are small and have a thick mambrane the first had prokaryotic cells that resembled present day bacteria. Have dna make up with a genome, and some bacteria break down wastes that released into the water, they live in warm water and attach themselves down to dead matter in the ocean, some have a chlophyill tint like blue green bacteria have single cells.

bold letters bacteria- are single celled organisms

Chromosones-thread like reproducters

decomposers-bacteria that breaks down dead cells

chemosynthesis-bacteria get energy from chemicals

chlorophyll-green pigment in a plant that helps change color

cyanobacteria-known as blue green bacteria

Interesting facts they reproduce every twenty minutes, they have dna found in their membrane they have been around since the dinosaurs some of them, and more modern ones now some are even used in medical studies because they have a good membrane dna it helps them tremendously and the bacteria the decomposers live in warm environments and the others different cool! and beleive it or not their are others that are good for you! like in cheese and yogurt.

Diatom: They are common organisms found in the ocean that is mostly classified as phytoplankton. It is a unicellular organism that floats and drifts near the surface of the ocean, but they sometimes live in deep water. Not all diatoms float on the surface of the ocean, but they attached themselves to substrates and they are called encrusting diatoms.

Characteristic: A diatom’s features are that they are encased in a special cell wall that is made of silica called a frustule. The frustule can show many different forms some are beautiful and some quite ornate, but it usually consists of two asymmetrical sides that has a split in between them. This also gives the diatom advantage because it allows the light to get inside the cell wall and trap the light by the chlorophyll which increases the rate of photosynthesis. This happens because the chloroplast is positioned next to the cell wall.

Diatoms have so many shapes that they have been classified based on it, because of their different shape diatoms such as spines have helped them from sinking. Their different shapes of diatoms help them to survive. Diatoms can reproduce even with a glassy shell by sexually and asexually reproduction. In asexual reproduction the diatom divides to form two new cells, and the two halves of its shell would usually overlap to make a diatom resemble a box called frustule. In sexual reproduction  the two parents are required for a diatom develops into either male or female cell.

Important key word: Plankton, Phytoplankton, organelles, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, algal bloom, brown tide, diatom,

Interesting Facts: Diatoms are used to monitor the environmental condition in the past and present and is used to study the quality of water. When diatoms die they fall into the ocean floor and also when it decays the glassy cell wall remains. Once the shells accumulated on the sea floor it becomes diatomaceous that can create a layer of a hundred meters thick. It is used to filter water in aquarium, filter swimming pool, and purify drinking water. Based on the fossil record and evidence found on a diatom suggest that they may have originated during or before the Jurassic period. They are used for monitoring environmental conditions of past and present time. When you break down the name it would say dia means “through” and temnein means “cut in half” in Greek. Diatoms can be collected from seawater by using a plankton net.

Dino-flagellates: any of a class single-celled algae mainly marine and often with a cellulose shell.

Important fact: 90% of all dinoflagellates are marine plankton.

Key Words: Mitochondria; Cytochrome oxidase

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nuclear membrane. Although very small, thay make a huge difference. They help in making soil, feeding cows, controlling insects, making medicines, making bioplastics, making plants grow, and degrading polluntants such as oil and such. Bacteria can appear as independant (free-living) or as a parasite (dependant on another organism for life). They can appear as three different shapes Cocci (1 Spherical), Bacilli (2 Longer rods), and Spirilla (3 Spiral forms).

                  1                                       2                                       3         

Bacteria can be good for a person. yet at the same time they can cause various illnesses and diseases, and sometime they can even be life threatening.        

CLASSIFICATION

• developed by Carlous Linnaeus
• (taxonomy)
• groups organism according to structure
• alson know as the “5 Kingdoms”

5 KINGOMS

• Monera -single celled , lack nuclear membrane (bacteria)
• Protista-mostly single celled , some multicelled have nuclear membrane  (algae)
• Fungi-single celled and multi celled  have nuclei absorb foiod from dead organisms (mushrooms)
• Plantae -multicelled have nuclei make own food through photosynthesis
• Animalia -multicelled , have nuclei , eat other organisms

*Animals  and palnt kingdoms are order into smaller kindoms using ; Kingdom , Phylum, class, order , family, genus ,and, species    (King phillip came over for great stake )

  Diatoms -single-celled protists that are part of the phytoplankton community

• These type of protist are considered floaters or wanderers of the ocean as they tend to attach to plants or solid forms and wander across the ocean
• Other diatoms tend to just sit along the oceans surface and and float with the waves rather than swimming
• Diatoms are eukaryotes and have sructures called organelles that carry out important fuctions in the cell
• these eukaryotes like other plants and algae have green pigment called chlorophylol that have special structures called chloroplasts
• There are more than 25,000 species of diatoms, the majority living in cold water throughout the world
• Diatoms are classified in phylum Chrysophyta, meaning golden algae
• Round diatoms are classified as centric diatoms
• Pen-shaped diatoms are called pennate diatoms
• Diatoms reproduce both asexually and sexually
• When diatoms die they fall to the ocean floor, all parts of the shell decays except the glassy cell walls which remain
• The shells that fall to the floor eventually rorm thick layers along the floor that can become hundreds of meters thick
• Although diatoms are very small pretty much all living organisms depend on them to live through the food chain

Classification is the organizing of living organisms in to groups with organisms that have similar characteristics.

The proses of classification is called taxonomy.

The current system has seven large sections. The first of these is kingdom. There are five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia; some can be broken down in to sub sections. The rest are as follows: phylum, class, order, family, genis, species. 

FUN FACTS

The last 2 classifacation names are used to make the oraganisms scientific name.

Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botnist who helped to developed classification.

KEY WORDS

Taxonomy- the science of classification.

Monerans-bacteria and blue-green bacteria; the singel celled prokaryotes

Bacteria-

Prokaryotes-

protists-

unicellular-

eukaryotes-

protazoa-

algae-

fungi-

chlorophyll-

pigment-

Fungi                                                                                                         Monera                                                                                                                                        

Protist